What+is+GBL?

Definition
The term game-based learning applies both to the field of research/game design as well as a branch of games with specific learning outcomes. Game based learning theory is based on the idea that play conditions the brain for learning. Games are designed to balance subject matter with game play, allowing for transfer of information from short- to long-term memory and for learners to create context around the content.

**Features of Game-Based Learning**

 * A competitive element
 * Winning or advancing is based upon learning the material
 * Students are motivated to learn from their mistakes

Gaming and its Foundations in Educational Theory
The practise of game based learning applies to each of the learning theories of behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism. For those who prefer behaviourism, games provide instant feedback. Players are rewarded for completing certain tasks through promotion to successive levels or being provided with tools which will help them advance in the game. "Punishments" include losing lives, or restarting the game at different entry points in order to re-learn or practice the material, or directly losing to a peer. Cognitivists support game-based learning since it allows learners to repeatedly practice certain skills and most games involve heavy use of scaffolding from one level or task to the next. Constructivists will applaud the way gaming can allow for peer to peer interaction and collaboration to construct meaning and build context around new information (include it into their own personal schema). Particularly within simulations, learners are able to explore, take risks and draw conclusions in an environment they wouldn't have access to in the real world.

The same pedagogical principles apply to game-based learning as to the traditional idea of learning. Students must be engaged and there must be appropriate flow (see Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's work) associated with the game.

Photo: @http://www.jenovachen.com/flowingames/flowtheory.htm